Rhipicephalus microplus: current status of ivermectin resistance in cattle in the Ecuadorian Amazon
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15856329Keywords:
ticks, resistance, ivermectin, immersionAbstract
Context: The tick species Rhipicephalus microplus is distributed worldwide, causing economic losses in livestock farms in tropical and subtropical areas (Jabbar et al., 2015). Acaricides play an important role in the control of these populations, however, excessive use is a consequence of resistance.
Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the resistance of Rhipicephalus microplus to ivermectin and conditioning factors in cattle.
Methods: In the field, 880 ticks were collected from 4 farms and a survey was conducted; in the laboratory, resistance to ivermectin was evaluated by bioassays. For the adult immersion test (PIA), the following were determined: fertility index, oviposition inhibition, reproductive efficiency, product efficacy and percentage of resistance, where Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality tests, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparison of means by Dunnett were performed; for the larval immersion test (PIL), mortality was determined: mortality, a PROBIT analysis was performed where the lethal concentrations CL50, CL99 and slope were calculated; for the conditioning factors, a Pearson correlation was performed with the values of resistance ratio
Results: Resistance levels in the PIA were: 62.5% susceptible, 27.8% medium resistance and 16.7% high resistance in tick populations. The PIL determined the resistance ratio CL50 that oscillate between 1.0 and 7.00 and CL99 between 1.0 and 6.15 among the farms, presenting susceptibility in 75 percent of the farms, a correlation was found between the application interval and the presence of resistance.
Conclusions: It is concluded that R. microplus populations are widely susceptible to ivermectin, being the interval of application of the acaricide a conditioning factor associated to resistance.
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